出版发表

作者：温家珠     

单位：

南京审计大学法学院，南京

关键词：意会知识；五听制度；情状证据；证据资格；辅助证据

Tacit knowledge; Five listening system; Circumstantial evidence; Evidence qualification; Supporting evidence

摘要：现代司法证据制度追求理性主义，偏向于那些可被语言文字化的、客观且具体的，诸如物证、书证、口供类证据。案件事实认定的形式逻辑化虚置了制度所指向的信息传输功能，将非言述知识即意会知识排除在诉讼过程之外，这种默读式审判违背了司法应有的认知规律。无论是我国古代“五听”制度还是域外国家陪审员的庭审环节，都体现司法审判制度对情状这种非言述信息的承认和运用。但在当前我国刑 事司法中，对情状的运用尚无明确法律规定，然而实践中有切实运用并发挥着独特的辅助作用。这种现实割裂的状况既于我国历史相悖又与域外先进制度有别。由此，有必要对情状在证据法领域进行理论的分析与定位，在此基础上重新构建一个包括意会认知在内的融心智活动、言语活动和身体活动于一体的案件事实的整体认知模式，发挥情状证据对促进发现案件真实的加权作用。

Modern judicial evidence system pursues rationalism, and tends to those objective and specific evidence that can be translated into words, such as material evidence, documentary evidence and oral testimony. The formal logicalization of the confirmation of the fact of a case has nullified the function of information transmission pointed to by the system, and excluded non-verbal knowledge or tacit knowledge from the litigation process, which violates the cognitive law of justice. Both the “five listening” system in ancient China and the trial of jurors in foreign countries reflect the recognition and application of the non-verbal information of situation in judicial trial system. However, in the current criminal justice in Our country, there is no clear legal provisions on the use of circumstances, but practical use and play a unique supporting role in practice. This disunion of reality is not only contrary to China’s history but also different from foreign advanced systems. Therefore, it is necessary to make a theoretical analysis and positioning of circumstances in the field of evidence law, on this basis, to reconstruct an overall cognitive model of case facts, including consciousness cognition, which integrates mental activities, verbal activities and physical activities, and give play to the weighted role of circumstance evidence in promoting the discovery of the truth of the case.

DOI：https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0202008

引用：温家珠．情状的微观过程与司法运用［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2021，2（2）：51-61．