高空抛物案件调查研究 —— 以物证技术为切入点

作者：胡向阳¹ 孙浩²

单位：

1．中南财经政法大学，武汉；
2．司法鉴定技术应用与社会治理学科创新基地，武汉

关键词：高空抛物；物证技术；证据；证明；现场重建
High altitude throwing; Material evidence technology; Evidence; Certificate; The scene reconstruction
摘要：2020 年12 月26 日，《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（十一）》出台，高空抛物入刑，需要对高空抛物案件进行深入研究调查，方能契合当前的法治要求。由于高空抛物涉及较多证据问题，故可从物证技术为切入点，尝试调查高空抛物案件，实现高空抛物治理现代化，为中国特色社会主义法治添砖加瓦。本文首先分析了高空抛物案件的现状及危害，说明了研究高空抛物案件的实际价值。其次分析了高空抛物案件多发的原因即高空抛、坠物区分难；收集证据难；司法证明难，指明了高空抛物案件调查的难点。最后以物证技术为切入点对高空抛物案件进行考量，提出相应的调查对策：辨析高空抛物、坠物；证明高空抛物案件，包括证明案件性质、证明高空抛物行为人、证明高空抛物行为人主观是否故意；高空抛物案件现场重建，包括分析地面现象，证明抛物地点；分析抛物现场，推测主观心态；分析空中轨迹，还原抛物全貌。
In December 26, 2020, “the People’s Republic of China Criminal Law Amendment (11)” issued, throwing objects from high altitude into the punishment, the need to conduct in-depth research and investigation of throwing objects from high altitude, in order to fit the current requirements of the rule of law. Since throwing objects from high altitude involves many evidence problems, we can try to investigate throwing cases from high altitude from the point of physical evidence technology, realize the modernization of throwing cases from high altitude, and contribute to the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. Firstly, this paper analyzes the present situation and harm of throwing cases from high altitude, and explains the actual value of studying throwing cases from high altitude. Secondly, it analyzes the reasons for the frequent cases of throwing objects from high altitude, that is, it is difficult to distinguish between throwing objects from falling objects from high altitude. Difficulty in gathering evidence; The difficulty of judicial proof points out the difficulty of investigation of throwing objects from high altitude. Finally, the case of throwing objects from high altitude is considered with the material evidence technology as the entry point, and the corresponding investigation countermeasures are put forward: distinguishing throwing objects from high altitude and falling objects; To prove a case of throwing objects from high altitude includes to prove the nature of the case, to prove the doer of throwing objects from high altitude, and to prove whether the doer of throwing objects from high altitude is subjective or intentional; Scene reconstruction of high altitude throwing cases, including analyzing ground phenomena and proving the location of throwing cases; Analyze the parabolic scene and speculate the subjective state of mind; Analyze the trajectory of the air and restore the full picture of parabolic objects.
DOI：https://doi.org/10.35534/cjsg.0202007
引用：胡向阳，孙浩．高空抛物案件调查研究 —— 以物证技术为切入点［J］．刑事司法科学与治理，2021，2（2）：42-50．

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